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Up to four peptides. Opinion rows are labeled. Copy the URL to share.
| Field | MOTS-c | Elamipretide | NAD+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Research Only | FDA Approved | Research Only |
| Regulatory status | Not FDA-approved; no verified marketing authorization | FDA accelerated approval (Forzinity, 2025) | No FDA-approved NAD+ wellness therapy identified |
| Compounding status | Off Category 2, review pending | Approved product (not applicable) | Compounded by pharmacies (verify) |
| FDA-approved indications | None | Improvement of muscle strength in adult and pediatric patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg (accelerated approval). | None |
| Categories | Longevity & mitochondrial | Longevity & mitochondrial | Longevity & mitochondrial |
| Claimed uses |
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| Mechanism | Mitochondrial-derived peptide linked to metabolic stress signaling and AMPK activation. Animal studies suggest effects on insulin sensitivity; endogenous biomarker associations do not establish treatment efficacy. | Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane to support mitochondrial structure and function. | NAD+ is an electron carrier in energy metabolism and a substrate for enzymes including sirtuins and PARPs. Its essential physiological role does not establish benefit from administering additional NAD+. |
| Evidence level | Animal studies mostly | Small/early human studies | Small/early human studies |
| Evidence / Hype (opinion) | Evidence Hype | Evidence Hype | Evidence Hype |
| Momentum (opinion) | Rising | Watch | Rising |
| Routes | — | — | — |
| WADA | Prohibited | Verify | Verify |
| Where it stands (opinion) | FDA lists MOTS-c among withdrawn nominations, not as authorized for compounding. Trials of analogues should not be treated as proof for native MOTS-c; WADA 2026 S4.4.1 prohibits it. | Now an FDA-approved rare-disease medicine, not simply an unapproved research peptide. Approval rests on an intermediate muscle-strength endpoint; broad anti-aging benefits are not established. | Small human metabolism studies and a registered comparative trial exist, without established anti-aging efficacy. FDA reports adverse reactions to compounded injectables consistent with endotoxin contamination. |
| Last reviewed | 2026-10-30 | 2026-10-30 | 2026-10-30 |
| News (30d) | 0 | 0 | 0 |